Cheating in higher education is a significant problem. The study aims to determine nursing students’ attitudes and opinions toward cheating in exams. The type of research is descriptive. The research data were collected in the classroom environment of 716 students in day and evening education programs. The research data were collected using socio-demographic characteristics form, and the Copying Attitude Scale. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and variance analysis were used for data analyses. The most common method of cheating was receiving answers by (...) talking to the friend sitting next to the student. The rate of cheating was high in both the day and evening education students. The students reported that most of the cheating occurred in final exams and high-credit major courses. Learning type (day/evening education programs) is not effective in cheating. High-credit major courses have increased the fear of failing the course. The most important reason for cheating in exams was the fear of failing a course. (shrink)

Autor se z hlediska marxistické filozofie a metodologie zabývá revolucí v biologii ve vztahu k filozofii, teoretizací současné biologie, problémem biologické evoluce, druhem jako základní jednotkou evoluce, problémy klasifikace v biologii a v závěru klade otázku : "věk biologie" nebo ekologická katastrofa?

The notion of “camouflage” offers a new way to articulate some central ideas of direct realism. Through a certain natural history, physical objects would be able to adopt as a “second skin” the qualitative appearances they have when they are perceived. This entails the rejection of the “things-having-effects-on-us” model for perception. The physical objects themselves would be crucially involved in the constitution of the intentionality of perception.

Ghazzālī, 1058-1111; Kīmiyā-yi saʻādat -Criticism and interpretation ; Ghazzālī, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad, -1126; Savāniḥ -Criticism and interpretation ; Ghazzālī, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad, -1126; Baḥr al-muḥabbat fī asrār al-muvaddat fītafsīr Sūrah-i Yūsuf -Criticism.

Critical study on with special reference to peripatetics, Avicenna, 980-1037.

Collected essays chiefly on religious life in Islam.

Translation and interpretation of selected Hadith on Islamic ethics and coduct.

[Bd. 1] Lernen: die erste Station des Pfades.--[Bd. 2] Dienen: zweite Station des Pfades.--Bd. 3. Erkennen, Kämpfen und Siegen: dritte, vierte und fünfte Station.

Stem cells are likely to be used as an alternate source of biological material for neural transplantation to treat Parkinson’s disease in the not too distant future. Among the several ethical criteria that must be fulfilled before proceeding with clinical research, a favourable benefit to risk ratio must be obtained. The potential benefits to the participant and to society are evaluated relative to the risks in an attempt to offer the participants a reasonable choice. Through examination of preclinical studies transplanting (...) stem cells in animals and the transplantation of fetal tissue in patients with Parkinson’s disease, a current set of potential benefits and risks for neural transplantation of stem cells in clinical research of Parkinson’s disease are derived. The potential benefits to research participants undergoing stem cell transplantation are relief of parkinsonian symptoms and decreasing doses of parkinsonian drugs. Transplantation of stem cells as a treatment for Parkinson’s disease may benefit society by providing knowledge that can be used to help determine better treatments in the future. The risks to research participants undergoing stem cell transplantation include tumour formation, inappropriate stem cell migration, immune rejection of transplanted stem cells, haemorrhage during neurosurgery and postoperative infection. Although some of these risks are general to neurosurgical transplantation and may not be reduced for participants, the potential risk of tumour formation and inappropriate stem cell migration must be minimised before obtaining a favourable potential benefit to risk calculus and to provide participants with a reasonable choice before they enrol in clinical studies. (shrink)

On Islamic ethics and conduct of life for Muslims.

On religious life in Islam; conduct of life for Muslims and on Islamic ethics.

The logic of a physical system consists of the elementary observables of the system. We show that for chaotic systems the logic is not any more the classical Boolean lattice but a kind of fuzzy logic which we characterize for a class of chaotic maps. Among other interesting properties the fuzzy logic of chaos does not allow for infinite combinations of propositions. This fact reflects the instability of dynamics and it is shared also by quantum systems with diagonal singularity. We (...) also generalize the fuzzy implication to a probabilistic implication following the hint of von Neumann. In this way we can evaluate the probability of the validity of the logical inference. (shrink)

The work of the Brussels-Austin groups on irreversibility over the last years has shown that Quantum Large Poincaré systems with diagonal singularity lead to an extension of the conventional formulation of dynamics at the level of mixtures which is manifestly time asymmetric. States with diagonal singularity acquire meaning as linear fractionals over the involutive Banach algebra of operators with diagonal singularity. We show in this paper that the logic of quantum systems with diagonal singularity is not the conventional logic of (...) Hilbert space, because only finite combinations of prepositions are allowed. (shrink)